Motivation Concepts Analysis Essay

Individuals are motivated by many factors that drive them to the need to fulfill their goals, expectations and desires. In the workplace, I have witnessed, including evaluating my own driven behaviors that acquire a driven mental philosophy, we strive to meet not only our own expectations, but also the expectation of our peers or the outside world. This way of  thinking can lead to a very competitive working environment either to an agreeable or disagreeable environment. Emelander (2009) states that motivation within the workplace will rely on four distinctive motives, such as the drive to acquire and achieve expectations, drive to bond and be involved in like minded and/or desirable social groups, drive to learn and comprehend opportunities and challenges and the drive to defend yourself and that these â€Å"four drive theory is balance between and among drives so they can compliment and regulate each other†. For this reason, I chose Sigmund Freud’s theory of Drive. I chose the theory as I have seen many depictions of driven behaviors. As we have the need to eat, breath, sleep and etc.†¦ we live throughout life needing to progress, succeed, to rise above our expectations and desires. According to Sigmund Freud’s drive theory, the theory describes the motivation elements of driven behavior as â€Å"that all behavior was motivated and that the purpose of behavior was to serve the satisfaction of need,† along with drive mounting â€Å"as a sort of emergency warning system that action needed to be taken† (Reeve, 2009,). In this paper I will discuss how Sigmund Freud’s theory of drive would be applicable or not applicable applied in different working environments on the basis of experience. Applicable I provide consultation with a healthcare organization in the Northwest and there are circumstances that lead to stressful and not so successful moments due to individual’s motives, intent and reasons of which drives them to either comply or not comply for the needs of the business. There is much hype within the organization to bond to specific social groups reflecting your importance inside the company, yet, I have witnessed that their peers drive individuals as they share similar interest, behaviors, principles and other aspects of life. Our surroundings in the work place drive the need to feel a part of something, the feeling that your attributes are important and dependent on for success. Emelander (2009) says that the â€Å"drive to bond leads to interactions of healthy support among work teams, if supported with team-based rewards and professional goals† and â€Å"while the drive to bond is directed towards persons, the drive to learn relates mostly to work activi ties.† The bonding effect is not so promising within the workplace;  therefore, there is unbalance and hostility. The need to acquire status, acknowledgment, power and status is very high in this workplace. Individuals spend an extensive time competition with one another and by creating and relinquishing this disturbing behavior in the workplace, there are numerous occasions where business decisions are not allocated, there is a break in communication and the effectiveness of completion of projects are undesirable. Status is displayed as an importance by the car you drive, the home you live in, the bigger the office and freedom that comes from working hard specifically to weep the benefits by gaining a bigger check. Therefore, this leaves other being drawn to desire that lifestyle an image and work harder and adapting to motives to climb the ladder no matter the backs you step on. Hence, to receive that drive which also includes â€Å"physical objects and wealth, relating to gathering the necessities for survival and social relationships, concerning the acquisitions of status, accomplishments a nd power† (Emelander, 2009). While, they struggle with the wrong side of drive in some cases, they do implement opportunities to learn and create some type of bonding relationships. The organizations is rapidly growing and their perspective is: to utilize the staff they have, provide them training, education opportunities and promotion opportunities based on their knowledge or aggressive to learn, comprehend what you’ve learned and apply. While this opportunity exist, I have overheard and seen the reluctantly to grasp opportunities to avoid riding the wagon of destruction due to destructive competition in the workplace. Drive can be a good attribute or element within ourselves and can be very powerful, yet, if it’s not appropriately balanced with other components to offset destructive behaviors, we can only continue to see companies discusses for this example to rise and have major behavioral and moral conflict. It can be damaging â€Å"when one drive dominates, leading to unbalanced personal and organization outcomes† and can â€Å"lead to destructive competition, and over-stimulate of the drive to defend to paranoia† (Emelander, 2009). Nonetheless, I have worked with organizations, where the drive motives were  balanced and individuals held healthier relationships. There was a high drive to obtain higher paid positions so that you can obtain more money to spend on items to reflect your status, yet it was displayed as the main factor of shoving a foot in the door. The competition was moderate and due to the working environment, only a few individuals wanted to enter into new realms of status, as other employees worked hard as they enjoyed the bonuses due to their performance. I’ve noticed, some people have the driven within themselves to do just exemplary work because it is a part of them; it is who they are. They enjoy working in teams, can fit in any social class simply due to what they show and mirror. Not Applicable I work part-time at my mother’s cafà © on the weekends and the making and living my mother’s dream is not written by drive per se. Though, I believe that drive is an element in every theory in one fashion or another. There is no need to desire certain status groups, as we cater to all status groups, all demographical areas as we want to share an experience, but one that provides a relaxing, warming and spiritual atmosphere. In this place, it does not matter what car you or I drive, what social group you and I belong to or reasons to defend. I believe that the cafà © functions are more towards the achievement theory, which in some cases can be assumed to be a driven theory. Our pleasure is the heart of our brain. We want to provide an atmosphere where people can be a part of a family of spiritual values and though our beliefs may be different from many others, this is still the place to come and express you freely. The fear to fail is what we cause us to thrive or increase our anxiety to regroup and execute to be better. So in terms, drive is not the only factor. Conclusion Drive is a contributor trigger motivation. Drive can be either healthy or unhealthy. In my three experience and many others, I’ve witness how drive can be either destructive or successful. I learned as well that drive rest alive in many theories available. We are driven to act according to fulfilling our needs and wants. However, it is based on how you motivate yourself because if you cannot motivate yourself how else are you going to  succeed or even motivate others around. References Emelander, S. (2009) The Four Drive Theory in the Workplace. Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/the-four-drive-theory-in-the-workplace-1650121.html Reeve, J. (2009) Understanding motivation and emotions. Week One supplements. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY320-Human Motivation.

Enhancing Participation in Distance Learning Environments Essay

Given the increasing diversity and changes happening in the classroom today, it created new approaches in facilitating education and learning for students. Similarly, with the advent of information technology via the Internet in the late 20th century spurred the creation and design of distance learning environments. These capabilities encourage the development of curriculum created to facilitate the same results in a classroom based setup. It is in here that â€Å"students work on their own, with supplied course materials, print-based media and postal communication, some form of teleconferencing and/or electronic networking, and learner support from tutors and mentors via telephone or E-mail† (Sherry, 1996, p. 1). However, comparing this to the traditional classroom-based setup, there is wide range of problems associated in implementing this objective. â€Å"These include redefining the roles of key participants, technology selection and adoption, design issues, strategies to increase interactivity and active learning, learner characteristics, learner support, operational issues, policy and management issues, equity and accessibility, and cost/benefit tradeoffs† (Sherry, 1996, p. 1). Due to this, there is a need to reinforce strategies that advocates and realizes the importance of participation to cultivate and realize the objectives of any distance learning environment. Objectives: Upon the completion of training, participants are expected to carry out the following objectives and goals: †¢ Understand the functions of every distance learning †¢ Develop strategies for participation †¢ Point out relevant communication mechanisms available †¢ Realize the concepts and ideas presented on a particular subject †¢ Choosing and using adequate information for the topic †¢ Learn new motivational ways to effectively increase participation using virtual environments. †¢ Increase capabilities of participants to practice distance learning with a renewed vigor and determination to create success. Role of the Presenter Given the objectives of these training, it is necessary that the presenter must be adept and adequate to facilitate the needs of participants. Due to these, here are the responsibilities of the presenter: †¢ Present accurate and sufficient data concerning distance learning and participation †¢ Motivate individuals to interact in the discussion †¢ Generate feedback and effective communication among participants and guest speakers †¢ Interact and take part in activities that are designed within the course of the training †¢ Provide interactive slides and presentation data to support the argument. †¢ Extract reactions and checklist to the determine whether or not the objectives of the program were met accordingly Participants The training shall be comprised of students who are specializing in education. The group shall be composed of 20 selected third year individuals who were first to sign up in the sessions that were given one week before the program. In here, everyone shall be expected to attend this whole day event and learn from various speakers who have had experience in the realies of distance learning. Similarly, each individual is expected to bring a positive attitude so as to help facilitators bridge the information accordingly to each one. Schedule of Training In achieving the mentioned objectives and goals of the training, facilitators and organizers shall divide and use numerous programs that will attain this purpose. Kindly refer to index 1 to view the table and see several instructional mechanisms and agenda’s in the one day training. The Training Environment Location and time: It shall take place in a classroom based setup wherein there are 20 seats available for participants and several more for the guest speakers and lecturers who shall facilitate in the process. With this, the duration of the exercise shall begin at 8:00 AM and shall conclude at 5:30 in the afternoon. Snack and Lunch shall be served. Refer to Index 1 for the schedule. Audio-Visual: It is the prerogative of lecturers to use audio-visual equipment to supplement their talk. However, the organizers have encouraged each one to provide one to enhance student grasp of what he/she is talking about. Similarly there are numerous instruments made by organizers to also guide students to (1) familiarize with participants, (2) use their skills in determining solutions and (3) enhancing their grasp of the topic. These things shall be elaborated in the next section. Exercise and Activities Discussion 1: Enhancing Participation Under this section, participants are given numerous tenets and ideas surrounding the distance education practice. It incorporates the processes that correspond to the needs of students and instructors in imparting the needed skills and expertise in a particular subject (Montera-Gutierrez, 2002). In here, students shall be given the idea on how to enhance participation in distance education to supplement the objectives of a particular subject. Similarly, it shall focus on several facets in attaining this mainly increasing motivation, content and communication. Discussion 2: Dwelling into Communication In here, the facilitator shall point out the relevance of available communication apparatuses and mechanisms. By elaborating on these innovations, there is a better way wherein students can express their intentions while at the same time increasing participation. â€Å"If a teacher cannot communicate effectively with his or her learners, it is reasonable to assume that their learners will struggle in class† (Purland, n. d. , p. 1). Also, the speaker can identify several skills necessary to achieve this kind of communication among online students. Lastly, this discussion shall seek to introduce participants in various apparatuses and devices available for each ones use in bridging the gap between student and teacher. Discussion 3: Enhancing Content and Motivation The speaker in this section shall deal with creating and stimulating motivation among participants in distance learning. One initiative that can be made involves creating a good extra credit program to influence students to post in discussion forums and gather information and insights necessary for the class. Likewise, the program can also seek to showcase chat discussions concerning the grading of a paper and how the student can enhance his participation even better. On the other hand, the content must also be attractive to students given a particular subject. In here, the facilitator should encourage future distance learning instructors to try to look outside the box and gather resources that are relatively interesting and stimulates thinking. Here, members shall be given techniques in determining which information is adequate. Moreover, the speaker shall also point out relevant ideas and practices that are supplemental in addressing these situations. In each activity, students shall be divided into five (5) groups composed of four Ice breakers and Activities The design of the activities and ice breakers are deemed to encourage each one to participate with the members of the training. Since there are activities after every discussion to test their understanding and capacity, it is expected that everyone should participate and give out their best in addressing the situations given to them. On the other hand, ice breakers are given before the program and after lunch break. These have their defining purposes as the first one seeks to open up with the people to make the comfortable with each other. The latter addresses the sleepiness and laziness that may be felt after having lunch. Evaluation Tools There are two ways in which the student shall be evaluated in the training. The first part involves each speaker’s comments and response to the required reaction papers given to participants after the duration of the lecture and activities. In here, each one shall be given sets of questions devised by speakers to have them answered accordingly. The second way is via the feedback system given by each student in describing the overall success of the program in general and several insights revolving on what they had learned in the process. Closing At the end of the training, each one is expected to have learned something from the endeavor. It must not only revolve around the idea of distant education, but at the same time understand and comprehend what important facets continue to shape participation of students in the success and growth of interaction between the lecturer using communication, content and motivation.

Methods For Proximal Caries Detection Health And Social Care Essay

Dental cavities diagnostic methods usually use ocular review, haptic scrutiny, approximal skiagraphy, and fibre ocular transillumination ( FOTI ) 14. Although bitewing skiagraphy for diagnosing of cavities in single patients is an constituted clinical technique, the value of bitewing skiagraphy for the sensing of cavities in big population groups is still controversial23.In primary teething, usage of bitewing skiagraphy increases the sensing rate of proximal surface cavities substantially21. Surveies in the lasting teething suggest that the betterment in cavities sensing was by and large in the order of around 3-5 per cent, and that bitewing skiagraphy likely has greatest value in those populations with the highest cavities rates6,9,15,22,29.The rapid progresss in computing machine engineering have had a important impact on dental skiagraphy. In 1987 the first direct digital system became commercially available as an option to conventional skiagraphy. Equally far as diagnostic truth is concerned, digital and conventional skiagraphy give comparable consequences for observing caries24, 27, 28. The combination of early sensing with new interventional methodological analysis and cavities direction will be the preferable dental pattern in the hereafter. Previous surveies have shown cavities are really hard to name at early phases. Early on carious lesions detection through a conventional diagnosing method, including radiographic, ocular and haptic tests, is questionable because they can stop up with a hazard of a false-positive or false-negative diagnosis18. Till day of the month, bulk of surveies which investigate proximal cavities have been mostly in vitro1,5,7,12,17,20,25. Therefore, few surveies have been done to measure and compare proximal cavities clinically21. Hence, there is a demand to measure proximal cavities by comparing assorted diagnostic methods. A new method based on fluorescence measurings performed by a optical maser device has been turning in popularity known as DIAGNOdent pen – KaVo, Biberach, Germany. When the optical maser irradiates the tooth, the visible radiation is absorbed by organic and inorganic substances present in the dental tissues, every bit good as by metabolites from unwritten bacteriums. These metabolites could be porphyrins that are produced by several types of unwritten bacteriums. Surveies utilizing chromatography have found that porphyrins showed some fluorescence after excitement by ruddy visible radiation. For this ground, the dental tissue emits fluorescent visible radiation after irradiation by ruddy optical maser and, as the carious tissue increases the emitted fluorescent visible radiation compared to healthy tissue, this causes a important difference between carious and sound structures2. More late, several new standards systems have been proposed and evaluated, both to standardized terminology and methodological analysis for clinical tests and to profit practicians in holding a more all right grained attack to measuring easy lesions. The â€Å" International Caries Detection and Assessment System † ( ICDAS ) categorizes six phases in the carious procedure, runing from the clinically seeable alterations in enamel caused by demineralisation, through to extension cavitation10, 11. Therefore, with the above description, presently, proximal cavities sensing methods comprise of assorted method viz. , visual- tactile scrutiny with ICDAS II, FOTI with ICDAS II, Bitewing skiagraphy ( Conventional & A ; Digital ) and Laser Fluorescence Caries sensing – DIAGNOdent pen. Therefore, the intent of this survey is to clinically compare and measure assorted diagnostic methods in primary and lasting grinders for proximal cavities sensing.Reappraisal of literatureDavies GM et Al in 2001 studied in-vivo the usage of fiber-optic transillumination ( FOTI ) as a diagnostic tool in general dental pattern and concluded that the FOTI technique increased the sensing of approximal carious lesions. It was reported to be a utile diagnostic tool in general dental practice4. Heinrich-Weltzien R et Al in 2002 studied in-vivo cut-offs for occlusal cavities sensing by the optical maser fluorescence device DIAGNOdent ( DD ) in comparing to visual-ranked review ( VI ) and bitewing radiogram ( BW ) under status of a general alveolar consonant pattern and concluded that it is advised to measure occlusal surfaces by a punctilious VI followed by the usage of DD and/or BW as extra diagnostic tool of 2nd pick. A DD value of & gt ; 20 could be confirmed as a sensitive cut-off for sensing of occlusal dentine cavities in first and 2nd lasting grinders. For the sensing of early marks of enamel cavities the DD seems to be less suitable8. Costa AM et Al in 2008 studied in-vivo the usage of a optical maser fluorescence device for sensing of occlusal cavities in lasting dentitions and concluded that although the optical maser device had an acceptable public presentation, this equipment should be used as an accessory method to ocular review to avoid false positive results3. Walsh et Al in 2008 studied in-vivo correlativities between Diagnodent optical maser fluorescence readings and clinical tonss for smooth ( buccal and linguistic ) surfaces of primary eyetooths and grinders utilizing ICDAS II, with peculiar involvement in white topographic point lesions and concluded that there is a patterned advance in optical maser fluorescence tonss with increasing badness of smooth surface enamel lesions in primary dentitions, from sound smooth surface enamel through white topographic point lesions and later to cavitation ; nevertheless, the Diagnodent should non be relied on as the sole means for cavities diagnosing because of the possibility of false positive readings if plaque remains on the surface. The joint findings of increased tonss with incipient decalcified lesions impacting enamel, and alterations in readings alining with cavities reversal or patterned advance lend some support to the clinical usage of Diagnodent as an assistance in supervising the adva ncement of early phases of the cavities procedure on smooth surfaces 26. Kavvadia K et Al in 2008 studied in-vivo the DIAGNOdent readings ( LF ) with those of direct ocular ( DV ) scrutiny, indirect ocular ( IDV ) scrutiny, bitewing skiagraphy ( BWR ) , and cavity and crevice gap ( PFO ) for the sensing of occlusal cavities in primary dentitions ; to find the cogency of this device utilizing PFO as mention ; and to measure its dependability and concluded that the LF device presented high dependability in the sensing of occlusal cavities in primary dentitions and its public presentation was similar to DV and radiographic examinations13. Newman B et Al in 2009 studied in-vivo the increased benefits of utilizing bitewing skiagraphy in add-on to the visual-tactile scrutiny technique for sensing of primary teething cavities in a non-fluoridated community, and determined the prevalence of â€Å" concealed † occlusal cavities in the primary teething and concluded that In the primary teething, usage of bitewing skiagraphy increases the sensing rate of proximal surface cavities well. It is recommended that bitewing skiagraphy be included as portion of the everyday scrutiny of kids with proximal surfaces that can non be visualized21.PurposeThe purpose of this in-vivo survey is to compare and measure assorted diagnostic methods of proximal cavities sensing in primary and lasting grinders.AimTo compare visual- haptic scrutiny with ICDAS II ( VT ) , FOTI with ICDAS II ( TI ) , Conventional Bitewing skiagraphy ( C-BWR ) & A ; Digital Bitewing skiagraphy ( D-BWR ) and Laser Fluorescence Caries sensing ( DIAGNOdent pen-LF ) for proximal cavities in primary and lasting grinders. To find relationship between assorted diagnostic methods for proximal cavities in posterior dentitions.MATERIALS & A ; METHODSMaterialsMouth mirror Probe Explorer Microlux Transilluminator ( FOTI ) DIAGNOdent pen Bitewing radiographic movie ( KODAK ) RVG Unit Round diamond bur Air rotor CPI investigationMethodSAMPLE SELECTION: ( n = 100 )Inclusion standards:Untreated sound or enamel and /or dentinal lesion proximal surfaces of lasting 1st Molar & A ; primary 2nd Molar ( E & A ; 6 – Zsigmondy-Palmer notation ) .Exclusion standards:Teeth with buccal, linguistic or occlusal carious lesions, fillings, crevice sealers & A ; orthodontic sets. Medically compromised kid, Handicapped kid, victim of kid maltreatment & A ; neglect, developmental malformations. Teeth with obvious proximal carious lesions ( clinically noticeable ) .MethodologyThis in-vivo survey will be carried out in the Department of Pedodontics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences & A ; Research Centre, Pune. The topics for the survey will be selected as per inclusion & A ; exclusion standards from the Outpatient Department ( O.P.D. ) . The survey will be carried out from 1st January 2010 boulder clay 1st June 2011 for mentioned sample size. Prior to scrutiny, surfaces of dentitions are to be professionally cleaned & amp ; dried. Two professionally trained testers, experienced in cavities diagnosing would be entitled for scrutiny of selected dentitions and standardization for intra- and inter-examiner variableness. After choice of the topics, an account about the survey is to be given and legal defenders of the patients have to subscribe an informed consent.Visual- haptic scrutiny with ICDAS II: Group IVisual-tactile scrutiny to be performed with oral cavity mirror, investigation & A ; explorer under dental chair visible radiation without magnification. Proximal cavities is recorded utilizing ICDAS II.FOTI with ICDAS II: Group IIUsing the ICDAS II standards, scrutiny is performed with Microlux transilluminator device ( FOTI ) & A ; the consequences to be recorded.Conventional Bitewing skiagraphy: Group IIIBitewing radiogram is to be taken with conventional movies with an appropriate exposure clip. Development of movies is to be done manually under standard conditions. The following recording standard is to be followed: 0 – sound ( no radiolucency is seeable ) 1 – Decayed ( circumscribed distinguishable radiolucency is seeable ) X – No sentiment could be formedDigital Bitewing skiagraphy: Group IVDigital bitewing radiogram is to be taken with the aid of Digital X-ray unit ( RVG Unit ) . The images to be displayed on the proctor screen. The testers would be given the freedom to set the brightness and contrast of the image. Similar standard as above ( C-BWR ) is to be considered.Laser Fluorescence Caries sensing ( DIAGNOdent pen ) : Group VFollowing the above scrutiny methods, the proximal surfaces of the selected dentition topic to scrutiny with investigation tip 2 of the DIAGNOdent pen, conforming to industries instructions. The recording is done as per cut-off points suggested by Lussi, et al19.ValidationWhen both testers agreed to the presence of proximal cavities, an operative intercession utilizing circular diamond bur and air rotor is to be done. This will function as a GOLD STANDARD in the proof method for diagnosing. The testers are supposed to utilize the dentin hardness standard with an adventurer to separate the carious and healthy dentin16. Tonss harmonizing to badness of the lesion was established for each validated tooth: 0 – no cavities 1 – Cavities confirmed to enamel 2 – Cavities widening to dentinStatistical AnalysisThe consequences obtained would be subjected to statistical analysis utilizing SPSS package.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 29

English - Essay Example Even as my father held the bicycle seat straight for me as I learned how to pedal fast in order to find my center of gravity, I could not help but meet a few mishaps along the road to what I perceived to be travel independence at that time. It was not uncommon for me to go out with my father for a lesson and practice run in my two wheeled bit and then return with a few scrapes on the knees and elbow areas. After all, learning to ride a bike entailed some lessons that were designed to help me learn how to be a safe and accident free bicycle rider. All of the experiences that I had during the time that I was learning how to ride my bicycle helped me to become a very safe and responsible cyclist when I finally got up enough courage and guts to begin riding my bike to school. I remember that my parents were quite apprehensive about letting me ride alone on the day that I announced I was ready to take my bicycle to school without any back up from my father. What if, my mother thought, I lost control of the bicycle on the side walk and I ended up rolling into the main road? Who would stop my bicycle from veering onto the wrong path? What if I suddenly lost control of the bicycle? Who would grab the bike seat in order to keep me steady on it? What if... what if... I told my mother not to worry. I would not have decided to finally take my bicycle to school if I did not feel like I could take on the challenges that beset a cyclist on the way to school. Years later, I would be facing my parents with yet another request for a far more independent mode of transportation. I was now old enough to apply for a student permit that would allow me to enroll in driving school and allow me to drive in most areas provided I did so with a licensed driver in the front seat. Needless to say, my parents, my mother in particular was even more petrified at the thought allowing me to have not only access to the family car, but

Outbreak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outbreak - Essay Example The US has sufficient health structures in place and measles vaccine are usually given to people, so there have been lower measles cases as compared to cases in the rest of the world. From 1997, measles cases have ranged from 37 to 220. The cases have been reduced due to routine measles vaccine started in 1963 and MMR vaccine (1971). Before these intervention, measles cases were as high as 500, 000 with 500 deaths every year. Public health workers need to be competent enough to deal with measles cases. They need to be competent in measles vaccination. Public health workers should be well trained to be able to deal with emergencies and endemic diseases. They should be able to act with speed and professionalism in maintaining the situation, but most importantly, they should emphasize on preventive measures such as vaccination (Turncock, 2012). Competency frameworks are important because they offer guidelines on health training, especially as concerns dealing with communicable and chronic diseases. They provide standards for health practitioners to follow so that they are able to respond to health issues such as disease breakdowns and dealing with preventive and curative

Corporate Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Corporate Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example 2000). According to the definition, companies should commit themselves to behave in an ethical way and should also ensure that they contribute towards economic development and also ensure that its workers, the local community and the society at large. Even though no direct reference to profitability is made, it can be understood from the words 'contribute to economic development' is indicative of the fact. This definition is nearly a decade old and the scope of CSR has taken a much bigger dimension with the passage of time. According to the publication, CSR, from peoples perceptions across the globe should have, to name a few, a concern for future generation, concern for the environment, transparency, a global outlook and partnerships with other organizations in furthering its obligations. For more clarity a more contemporary view is also given here. "CSR covers all aspects of corporate governance. It is about how companies conduct their business in an ethical way, taking account of their impact economically, socially, environmentally and in terms of human rights. This moves beyond traditional business stakeholders such as shareholders or local suppliers." (Corporate Social Responsibility: What is CSR 2006). What all this ultimately suggest is that CSR is gaining in scope and importance and will continue to do so in the future with newer and additional responsibilities being added. Stakeholders: For any organization to grow it has to see that its stakeholders are well looked after. It is easy to say, but a difficult thing to achieve. Stakeholders include everyone who is having a direct or indirect interest in the affairs of the organisation. It means that a diverse range of people with... The researcher also gives some concluding remarks on the topic. It is stated that global capitalism has no impact on the education sector in the UK. Corporate social responsibility will remain the same because a privatized sector will tend to behave in the same way across different sectors. It is profitability and free market enterprise that ultimately determines CSR. Primary and secondary education is necessary and compulsory to every citizen and hence it is better that it remain in the public sector. The researcher presents the view given by Friedman that education, especially primary education is compulsory. A privatized sector will not be able to give quality education at low prices or for free. The university level education can be privatized but under the following conditions. All universities have to be given autonomy as far as syllabus and teaching methodology are concerned. The UK has a long history of distinguished institutions and there would be no lack of experience in cr eating quality syllabus and methodology. State funding can remain, but there is no harm in allowing privately owned universities in the country. Such institutions should be registered as not-for profit societies. Initiatives can be taken up by philanthropic and visionary businessmen. Such organizations will have a greater sense of responsibility than organizations formed for profit. To conclude, the researcher states that whatever the outcome be, education should have quality and should be affordable to everyone at least in the early periods.

BRITISH ELITE ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ORGANISATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Research Paper

BRITISH ELITE ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ORGANISATIONAL PERSPECTIVE - Research Paper Example In light of such representation at high profile events, the role of managers has become a matter of interest to stakeholders in athletics. Managers are highly trained individuals in the theory and practice of athletics. Different managers specialize in different fields. Managers in athletics have the task of overseeing the development of athletes from average performers to elite performance with the ability to perform competitively with the best athletes from all over the world. In light of the competitive nature of elite sport, the biological, psychological and physical development of British athletes is crucial to the attainment of expertise and successes in representing Great Britain in both international and local sport events. To achieve this, Managers have a crucial role to play. Good athletes’ management involves the benchmarking of every aspect of the athlete’s performance management with a view to ensuring their transition into elite level performers. In addition to that, good management of athletes involves a review into factors such as effective athletes’ management in such areas as training, coaching, leadership, social support, skills dissemination, among others and its influence in the achievement of goals among British athletes. In the collection of data for this research, the primary research involved designing a questionnaire, which was administered to a selected group of elite British athletes. Interviews were also conducted to carry out the survey. The analysis of the interviews and questionnaires clearly demonstrates that effective management of British athletes has a relationship with success in international and local sports events. This is in line with the hypothesis of this research. However, there were some limitations to the collection of data such as the small sample size and the limited number of respondents to the interviews and questionnaires. Further, while the researcher has identified that

Evaluation of critical areas of an information system Coursework

Evaluation of critical areas of an information system - Coursework Example †¦.†¦10 3.1 Capturing International Companies by use of Information Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.11 4.1 Complex Information in IT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 4.2 Solutions to the IT Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 5.1 Case study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 6.1Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....16 Evaluation of Critical Areas of an Information System 1.1 Introduction Information system is used in management of organizations in order for decisions concerning the organizations to be made. Information systems help the management to improve the performance of the organization in order to expand its production and bring out an understanding of the information in the organization. The Unilever Company is one of the organizations which use information systems for the purpose of bringing in an effective working condition and thus contributing to competitive advantage. An organization may use different information systems which help in improving the performance of the organization. 1.2 Organization u nderstanding of the information system Unilever Company uses the information system to ensure that the business goals and objectives are met. Therefore, the organization uses technologies and techniques which help in planning for the systems which can be used to improve the working environment of such an organization. The use of information systems at Unilever Company brings in an effective and proper working condition... The information system is one of the systems which help the management of an organization to make decisions which have a great effect on the organization’s operations. With proper management in the organization, it means that the decisions made are proper, which have bees accessed, interpreted and evaluated. The various types of information systems are used to ensure that each person in the organization is in a position to come up with the best decision which affects the organization. A successful organization is that those decisions are made effectively and efficiently by the proper individuals. The decisions made are made so as to bring in an effect in the organization’s operations. All the activities in the organization are considered because they affect the success or failure of that particular organization. The information systems affect the human resource and the marketing environments of the organization as well. However, there are issues which come along with th e decision making in the organization, which affect the making of decisions that are well valuated. These issues should be dealt with in order to bring in a better organizational perspective that is able to solve all the organizational problems.

Portfolio Credit Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Portfolio Credit Risk - Essay Example More precisely, I analyse the impact of uncertainty about input parameters on the precision of measures of portfolio risk. I confine the analysis to losses from default, i.e., exclude the risk of credit quality changes, and model default correlations by means of correlated latent variables. The framework builds on CreditMetrics (JP Morgan, 1997), and closely resembles the one used by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2001) to adjust capital requirements for concentration risks. The necessary inputs for assessing default risk are default rates, recovery rates, and default correlations. They are usually derived from historical data, which means that their precision can be inferred using standard statistical methodology. This is the first step of the analysis in this paper. In the second, I determine the accuracy of value at risk (VaR) measures in the presence of noisy input parameters. This is done separately for portfolios which differ in their average credit quality and in diversification across obligors. The aim of such an analysis is threefold. First, the results are useful for defining the role credit risk models should play in credit portfolio management and bank regulation. Second, modelling parameter uncertainty allows to compute risk measures which take estimation error into account. Since the loss distribution is a non-linear function of the input parameters, its estimate can be biased even if the parameter estimates are not. To correct such biases, I employ a Bayesian approach and analyse the predictive distribution, which averages the loss distributions pertaining to different but possibly true parameter values. 1 Finally, the analysis helps to identify inputs with a large marginal benefit of increasing input quality. The analysis shows that estimation error in input parameters leads to considerable noise in estimated portfolio risk. The confidence bounds for risk measures are so wide that losses which are judged to occur with a probability of 0.3% may actually occur with a probability of 1%. Several observations, however, suggest that available credit risk models can be useful for risk management purposes even though their application is plagued with data problems. The magnitude of estimation error is comparable to a setting in which VaR estimates can be based on a long time series of portfolio losses, and it differs little between perfectly diversified portfolios and small portfolios with 50 obligors. In addition, the bias in conventional VaR figures which results from estimation error is modest. The relative importance of the three input factors for the quality of VaR estimates depends on the portfolio structure and the extremeness of the events under analysis. The impact of correlation uncertainty, for instance, is larger for more extreme events and for riskier portfolios. Related papers are Jorion (1996) and Butler and Schachter (1998)

Biodiversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biodiversity - Research Paper Example The disturbance in the balance is due to the disturbance in the food chain. Like in a forest ecosystem, none of the animal is valueless; lamas, zebras, buffaloes and deer are eaten by tigers, lions, leopards and jaguars. If the ecosystem faces the extinction of the lions, tigers, jaguars or leopards, the number of lamas, zebras, buffaloes and deer increase rapidly and thus there would be low food resources for them and animal will die from diseases, which will make the ecosystem unhealthy. Natural Alteration in the Ecosystem Natural occurrences like earthquakes, droughts, etc have heavy impact on the ecosystems. Natural occurrences can produce alterations to the ecosystem. Like the droughts become a reason for the shortage of food (Shah, 2011). The shortage of food may bring some of the creatures to extinct. However, some of the alterations are good for the environment and some of the alterations are worst in terms of extinctions of some of the creatures. Importance of Biodiversity B iodiversity is often considered to have no linkage with the economic sustainability. However, environmental sustainability is often thought to have a connection with the biodiversity. In fact, biodiversity is connected to economic as well as environmental sustainability (Shah, 2012). It can provide food, water and a healthy atmosphere. A decline in the biodiversity of the planet would bring many problems. Biodiversity, Food Resources and Economics Most of the food resources come from the biological resources. If the biological resources regarding the food become less, then there would be a lot of hunger and disease. In this way, it is almost impossible without the utilization of food resources. The economics of a country are largely linked the production and utilization of the food resources. The more the food resources a country has, the more food there will be to export and earn money, to boost the economy. Results show that forty percent of the world’s economy is dependent on the biological resources. However, paper, textile and timber industry will also remain incomplete without preserving biodiversity. In this way, industrial economy depends much on biodiversity, while tourism increase due to forests and preserved marine life. Biodiversity and Medicine Biodiversity has much importance in terms of medicines, as most of the medicines come from the plant and animal sources. The medicines like coniine, etc, which is utilized in the malarial disease come from the plant. The research and development in the field of medicine is totally incomplete without biological resources. In this way biological resources have much importance in the field of medicines. Biodiversity and Climate Change Climate change is one of the biggest threats to the biodiversity of the planet. Some creatures like coral are much sensitive to the small change in the temperature and a little increase in the temperature could become a cause of the death of coral reefs. Coral are importan t in providing many fish and some other marine creatures a shelter and thus extinction of the coral means the extinction of many other species too (Harris, 2012). However, the protection of the biodiversity can only be a factor in controlling the climate change, as the major

Business Plan for AAA International Travel Services Ltd Essay

Business Plan for AAA International Travel Services Ltd - Essay Example The products and services that the business is going to launch differ from that of their competitors. All other travel firms offer different services to customers based on available budget and resources. AAA travel services will provide services based on customers’ preferences. Although all packages have been designed already in accordance with the schedules and available resources, but the firm can bring little changes in the packages in accordance with the needs and demands of the customers. For example, if a customer asks for a ten days trip to some Eastern country and the firm offers an eight days package, then the company will change the schedule and package accordingly but the customer will have to pay some extra amount to the firm because of modifications. The firm will also provide best available accommodation to its customers. â€Å"Comfortable hotels and accommodation facilities play a very important role in popularizing any tourist destination† (Ahliya 2008, p. 1).ii. Target MarketTarget market is the group of people that a company wants to target for the sale of products and services. For AAA Travel Services company, the target market for the firm will cover a large number of local and international customers. The company is located in an area where travel companies are also operating there business activities, so there is also a tough competition in place. Many external and internal factors can affect product innovations, business process innovations or their combination.... The international department will play the lead role. It will include branch office, ticketing services, business office, and direct sales stores. Following is the business structure of the firm: b) The Product Following are the products and services that the firm will provide to its customers: i. Gaps in Market The products and services that the business is going to launch differ from that of their competitors. All other travel firms offer different services to customers based on available budget and resources. AAA travel services will provide services based on customers’ preferences. Although all packages have been designed already in accordance with the schedules and available resources, but the firm can bring little changes in the packages in accordance with the needs and demands of the customers. For example, if a customer asks for a ten days trip to some Eastern country and the firm offers an eight days package, then the company will change the schedule and package accor dingly but the customer will have to pay some extra amount to the firm because of modifications. The firm will also provide best available accommodation to its customers. â€Å"Comfortable hotels and accommodation facilities play a very important role in popularizing any tourist destination† (Ahliya 2008, p. 1). ii. Target Market Target market is the group of people that a company wants to target for the sale of products and services (Tatum n.d.). For AAA Travel Services company, the target market for the firm will cover a large number of local and international customers. The company is located in an area where travel companies are also operating there business activities, so there is also a tough competition in place. However, the range of the

History of Education and Field Study Essay Example for Free

History of Education and Field Study Essay We all know that each of the teachers has their own methods and strategies in delivering their lesson. I observed the class of Teacher Teejie Taruc. She is a MAPEH major teaching at Camba National High School. She uses a combination of methods in her class includes the Socratic Method, inductive method, class discussion, lecturing and recitation. She has her own techniques on how she presents her lesson. Teacher Teejie has a great sense of humour thats why she can easily get the attention of her students. By  using those methods, she can manage her students and also the learning process. Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process 7 Analysis Explain the methods that the teacher used. Methods| Advantages| Disadvantages| 1. Socratic Method – it is the question and answer part in the lesson presentation. | * Learners can share their own ideas. * Teacher and the learners may absorb knowledge by listening to other ideas. | * Some of the learners may not cooperate. | 2. Inductive Method – a method which presenting the lesson by specific to more general. | * Learners may familiarize the topic * Easily cope up with the topic. * They can improve their critical thinking skills. | * Learning is difficult to gauge. * Some may hardly understand the topic. | 3. Lecture Method – is a teaching procedure for explaining and clarifying a major idea. It makes use of may be a narration or a description. | * Presents factual material in direct, logical manner. * It contains experience which inspires. * Stimulates thinking to open discussion. * Useful for large groups of learner. * It serve as a guide through a great mass of information characteristics of subject areas. | * Some of the learners may not participate. * Time will limit the discussion. * Learning is difficult to gauge. | 4. Class Discussion – a method on presenting a lesson where there is a question involve that may answer by the learners. | * Pools ideas and experiences from other learners. * Effective after a presentation, film or experience that needs to be analyzed. * Allows everyone to participate in an active process. | * Few learners can dominate. * Others may not participate. * It is time consuming. * Can get off the track. | 5. Recitation – an act of enumerating and answering the question of the teacher. | * Learners can boost their confidence by doing recitation. * Both teacher and learners may absorb knowledge from each other. | * Some students may not participate. * Some wont get a fair answering. | Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process8 Reflection What methods am I going to use? As a would-be educator, I already have ideas of what method am I going use in the near future. I encountered a lot of teachers and I can say that they have their own techniques, strategies and methods in teaching. Each of them is different from anyone and I can say that they are all good teachers. I always taught to myself that someday I am going to be like them and much better than them. In order to have a good learning process in the class, I must have a harmonious relationship with my learners. It is very important for me as a teacher to have a harmonious relationship with my learners so that I can easily impart knowledge to them. I am planning to use a combination of methods includes class discussion, brain storming, lecturing, Socratic, inductive, deductive, recitation, power point and video clip presentation and worksheets. These methods are only guide for us. The effectiveness of these methods is always depending on us, on how we apply it and on how we deliver it. Some of the methods I’m planning to use are generally used by most teachers thats why I included video clip and power point presentation in order to follow on the new trends of teaching. We all know that these things are very popular today. Power point presentation is software of Microsoft where we can write up the lessons that we want to teach on our students. Video clip presentation is an entertaining way of teaching content and raising issues that keep groups attention. When we use these two new trends of teaching, learning process may be more successful than the traditional one. Its so hard to get the attention of the students. We must be a good motivator for us to motivate them. Being a teacher is not easy like they always said but I do believe that it depends on you. As long as you know that you can do it, it will be easy. Just love your profession and the profession will also loves you. Make your passion your profession! Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process9 Documentation†¦ FieField Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process10 Differences Among Approach, Methods, Strategies, and Techniques Many people are having difficulties on distinguishing the differences between approach, methods, strategies, and techniques thats why in this activity; I am going to define the differences between those words. Approach| Method or Strategy| Technique|. * An enlighten viewpoint of teaching. * Provides sounds philosophy and orientation to the whole process of teaching in which the selection of an instructional method is part and parcel of. | * It refers to an organized, orderly, systematic, well-planned procedure. * It consist of steps which are logically arranged aimed at achieving the specific aims of instruction at enhancing greater teaching and maximizing learning output. * Method directs and guides the teacher in all class activities and involves as well, the organization of materials to get things done. * Strategy in the beginning is a monopoly of other disciplines like military, science, politics, economics, and even psychology. | * It is implementational and that which actually takes place in a classroom. * It is a particular trick, or contrivance, used to accomplish an immediate objective. * It is consistent with a method and approach as well. * It depends on the teacher, his individual artistry, and on the composition of the class. * It is defined as a procedural variation of a given method. | Field Study 2: Experiencing the Teaching and Learning Process6.

Concepts Of The Underdevelopment And Dependencies Politics Essay

Concepts Of The Underdevelopment And Dependencies Politics Essay To explain the theory of Underdevelopment and Dependency, a distinction between what really constitutes development and underdevelopment is to be made for better understanding of the entire concept. This paper will therefore be started with a brief analysis of how globalization started and what impact it had on the world process both in domestic and international functioning of the countries. The analysis of globalization is important since the dependency theorists in a way see underdevelopment as an impact of globalization. The paper shall be proceeded with a distinction or rather an explanation of what development means and what underdevelopment stands for in a globalized context; and then move on with the debates on dependency and underdevelopment. Globalization as a process consists of change and transformation of the relationship shared by countries at the domestic and international level. Forming networks of processes and structures of governance, establishing interdependence among countries, globalization changed the very nature of governance; it created a borderless world, where the economic and political interests of countries got bound up. This process of globalization have through the years of economic engagement have let to the division of countries, consisting of the economically well off countries known as the developed countries and on the other hand a group of countries who still have not reached that level of economic prosperity known as the developing countries. Through the analysis of the social, political and economic activities that the developed and the developing countries engage in is seen to lead to underdevelopment. And globalization as understood as the globalization of capital, underdevelopment in turn is seen to be associated with the development of capitalism on a world scale. Studies on the issues of development, underdevelopment has been a consequence of the development of capitalism. In the contemporary globalized world, the countries that constitute the underdeveloped category are the ones referred to as the Third World, basically parts of Asia, Africa and Latin America. As globalization refers to changes and transformations, the Third World as underdeveloped connotes its backwardness, stagnation and therefore known as traditional societies 1 Globalization involves political, economic and social interaction of nations with each other. In terms of development, globalization offers assistance or a cooperative functioning of ins titutions between the so called developed and the developing nations. It is asserted that the interaction basically consists of involvement of external forces or agents which are really the agents of the developed nations, within the internal structure or dynamics of the developing nation. The motive for the involvement of such external forces is to help with the process of development of that region or nation. This in turn proves what has already been mentioned that the analysis of development and underdevelopment cannot be separated, such an involvement instead of fostering development leads to underdevelopment, which holds contradictory meanings. Underdevelopment is a distinctive historical process linked to the expansion of developing capitalism. (C. Furtado; 1964) Three phases mainly in the development of the underdeveloped structures, firstly, the development in Western Europe, characterized by pre-capitalist artisan economy and progressive absorption at a higher level of productivity of the factors released. Second phase, is the development of the European industrial economy. And the third phase was the expansion of this European Industrial Economy to other regions. Such an expansion was done through trade and also via encouragement to the regions to produce raw materials. Such production of raw materials was in order to feed the industries which would generate capital. Through this process of encouragement and interaction, the factors to be analyzed are the labor required, the level of real wages, the involvement of the capitalistic enterprise that involves itself in the development process of less developed regions do not itself guarantee development, labor employment is only given to a few and also wage is paid according to the living conditions in the country and not the amount of work done. The nature of the capitalist economy is generally viewed in terms of the role played by the entrepreneurial class. Bernstein, Henry, Underdevelopment and Development: The Third World Today. Introduction: Development and the Social Sciences. Pp.26. DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT: To the dependency theorists, the process of globalization has created distinction between the countries into the developed and the underdeveloped countries. Though there is a category of countries that belong to neither of the category, though they play an important role in the global economy still they lack certain capacities which stops them from making it to the level of developed countries, and on the other hand they are doing better than most of the developing countries which keeps them above the level of the underdeveloped countries. To understand this situation, first an understanding of development is to be brought about. Development stands for changes in the society; progressive transformation of society. Development entails certain value judgments such as the desirability of overcoming malnutrition, poverty and disease which have adverse effects on human suffering; this is a sociological dimension of development. The social development is inseparable from economic development. And also there exists a difference in economic growth and development; the former is seen as a quantitative process, involving principally the extension of an already established structure of production, whereas development suggests qualitative changes, like the creation of new economic and non-economic structures. Globalization was considered a process that turned the very nature of governance in the world; with states no longer the center of analysis, market was also included as an important mechanism for facilitating the world economic process. Globalization was considered to be a facilitator of development by some and some considered globalization as the cause of underdevelopment. Both development and underdevelopment are seen as historical processes. There are various approaches to the study of development, of which modernization theory considers development to be a multidimensional process in which psychological, intellectual, demographic, social, economic and political changes are related one to another (Samuel P. Huntington) 2. Modernization theory also believes that political modernization involves assertion of the external sovereignty of the nation-state against transnational influences and the internal sovereignty of the national government against local and regional powers. Modernization theory shows a high inclination towards the state as having an important role in selecting the transnational influences, which even the dependency theorists assert. Globalization has brought about development, but the kind of development it has brought is capitalist development. This is what dependency theory is critical of; it believes that such a capitalist development has brought about a kind of unbalanced and un-integrated economy Sautter, Hermann, Underdevelopment through Isolationism? Dependency Theory in Retrospect. Intereconomics, July/August pp.184. characterized by the coexistence of a dynamic modern sector of production, typically export oriented and a traditional sector of subsistence agriculture inhibiting the development of the integral market. (C. Furtado) This modern sector is referred to the developed countries or the North as it is known, consisting of countries such as the United States, Europe and also Japan. Though Asia and Africa mostly come under developing countries, however Japan has established itself as a developed country thereby separating it from most of its Asian counterparts. And the traditional sector basically refers to the sectors where no or the least development has taken place. With this respect the third world countries are referred to as the traditional societies; traditional in respect of its backwardness in terms of economy and therefore the society. This backwardness of the third world was considered to be a result of the weak internal economic and non-economic structures of the countries, this was what modernization theory asserted and so this backwardness was expected to be diagnosed with the involvement of certain external forces like the involvement of powerful developed countries like United States and others. External forces were to involve themselves and assist the development in such developing countries. Globalization brought about a development of capitalism with its roots in the European countries which brought about industrial development which helped countries develop. So in order for a developing country to foster their own development, they were to look up to the developed countries for assistance. The principles of globalization interdependence, global interaction increased the flow of capital; goods fostered everything on international lines. Everything that was analyzed was done so on a wider level. As said by Leslie Sklair Globalization as a process involves the study of contemporary problems not at the level of individual states or its inter-national relations, but in terms of global processes, this shows that whatever goes on at the domestic level is bound to have an impact on other countries and anything happening outside will definitely impact upon the domestic processes of a country. This is what the dependency or the underdevelopment theorists were against. To them, this global process of interdependence and interaction has led to the exploitation of the poorer countries. UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND DEPENDENCY: The concept of underdevelopment and dependency are associated with the studying of the third world countries and this theory is concerned with the position of the third world countries in the global arena as developing or underdeveloped countries and the reason why it is so. They basically assert that in the name of development when developed countries through their market mechanisms get involved in the domestic or internal dynamics of the third world countries, it only gives impetus to underdevelopment and no development could be possible this way. There were two consequences of the globalization and its interdependence aspect: Firstly, to the dependency theorists, the interdependence among the countries have led to the division of countries mainly into the wealthy developed countries also known as the First World or the North and on the other hand there is the poorer countries known as the Third World Countries or the South, with wide economic disparities among them. And secondly they also assert that the interdependence criteria consist of exploitation of the poor by the rich developed countries thereby leading to the underdevelopment of the former. For the underdevelopment and dependency theorists (UDT), exploitation took up a prominent place in their analysis. For them there were two ways in which the dependence of the countries could lead to exploitation: direct and indirect exploitation. Direct exploitation referred to the open or covert transfer of profits by foreign investors in developing countries thereby decapitalizing them and indirect exploitation was related to the deterioration in terms of trade of developing countries and unequal exchange between developed and underdeveloped economies. Few names associated with the Underdevelopment and dependency theory are namely: Andre Gunder Frank, Paul Baran, Samir Amin, Theodore Dos Santos, Cardoso and Immanuel Wallerstein. There exists a division in the theories of dependency itself. Frank, Baran, Amin and Santos are more radical dependency theorist who asserted that dependency for development would only lead more to underdevelopment of the developing countries. On the other hand Cardoso and Wallerstein formed a second category of dependency theorist who consider that dependency and development can co-exist; i.e. for them dependency could be helpful in fostering development. To Theodore Dos Santos Dependency is a conditioning situation in which the economies of one group of countries are conditioned by the development and expansion of others. A relationship of interdependence between two or more economies when some countries expand through self-impulsion and others being in a dependent position can only expand as a reflection of the expansion of the dominant countries; which may have positive or negative effects on development Classical dependency theory and the new dependency theory share certain similarities, both the groups have third world development as their focus, both focus on national level analysis, and the key concept that they follow is the core, semi-periphery and the periphery. And both the groups imply that dependency is harmful to development. The core, semi-periphery and periphery are the model that the dependency theorists adopt in order to explain the development pattern and the underdeveloped condition of the third world countries. They mostly focus on the core and the periphery, where the core consists of the central forces of the economy i.e. the industrialized capitalist countries- the developed countries; and the periphery consists of the underdeveloped or undeveloped countries i.e. the third world countries. All these categorizations of the countries into the developed/developing, core/periphery, North/South and First World/Third World all relate to the categorization on countries based on their economic wealth and their capacity to generate such wealth. Thus the capacity to generate wealth is what the third world countries lack. However the interest with which the developed countries interfered in the affairs of the developing countries was because the developing countries had unscrupulous amount of resources and raw materials that lay unused and unexploited. The developed countries who already had achieved much in terms of development their resources and raw materials were depleted. So in terms of the involvement of the developed countries in developing countries it leads to underdevelopment. One result of globalization has been that the State no longer is seen as the only unit of analysis; contemporary issues are analyzed beyond what is national but as a transnational, across borders phenomenon and therefore in terms of a global process. So now the countries all over the world are to be seen as one Total system. Here what the dependency theorists assert is this total system gets divided into the core-periphery groups and so with increase in globalization process the core states become more dependent on the peripheral states for development and the position of the peripheral states become vulnerable and no development would be feasible since interdependence have led to a situation where an increase in the wealth of the first world could be brought about only when there would be a decrease in the wealth of the third world. So developing countries were at the losing end. MECHANISMS OF INVOLVEMENT: The emphasis shifted to the involvement of transnational corporations (TNCs) and multinational corporations (MNCs). These MNCs are firms of any nationality; partially or wholly owned or doing business in one or more country or economy. MNCs or TNCs are considered to be one of the mechanisms through which one country seems to get involved in the economy of another country; they are engaged in facilitating the movement of capital and production. These corporations are mostly headed by the developed countries. What the dependency theorists argued was that such involvement of TNCs were mainly under US, Japan and European countries and trade mainly went on among these economic powers. Globalization is seen to change the very nature of the state centric approach that existed earlier. The introduction of TNCs and also the social movements spread ideas about universal human rights, global environmental responsibility have reduced the emphasis on states as the main unit of analysis. On an economic level, with the introduction of TNCs, globalization has changed the very nature of global economy, the idea of a new global culture is what has emerged. Globalization has impacted on the local, national and regional economies. Two main focus of globalization researchers have been: first, the ways in which the transnational corporations (TNCs) have facilitated the globalization of capital and production. Second, the transformations in the global scope of particular types of TNCs, those who own and control the mass media which impacts upon the spread of ideas and particular patterns of consumption and a culture and ideology of consumerism at the global level. The TNCs have imm ense economic power, besides countries, the TNCs have come to be known as global economic power, for instance to name a few General Motors, Toyota, Volkswagen, PepsiCo have more economic power at their disposal than the majority of the countries in the world.3 The impact of globalization is the reduction in the importance of the state and privatization of most sectors of the economy. The TNCs are not only headquartered in the first world countries but most TNCs have headquarters in the third world, such as the national oil companies of Brazil, India, Mexico, Taiwan and Venezuela. Sklair also points out that the TNCs mostly under the US, Japan do not always express national interests; they are more interested in the interests of those who own and control them. Two laws under which MNCs are said to function: first is the law of capitalism of increasing the firms size and scope and therefore creating hierarchies. Second is the law of uneven development. The size, mobility and power of the MNCs lead to exploitation in the name of development of the already developed powers. Such involvements of MNCs lead to the development of North and underdevelopment of South. The uneven development of North and South, MNCs have a role in maintaining this unequal status. Globalization for development is seen to be important however such globalizing process have very desirable and undesirable effects on countries and the latter is explained by the dependency theorists. Dependency theorists suggested many reforms that they felt would help facilitate the development process of the third world countries. One such changes and the most important reform proposed by them is the delinking of the developing or underdeveloped countries from the world market and the global system of economic exchange of capital and goods for development. They proposed to focus more on the internal dynamics and development rather than external factors. For development initially it was external factors and assistance from developed countries was what was focused on; however, now what the dependency theorists proposed was to become independent of such external help and assistance. They asserted that Sklair, Leslie, Competing Conceptions of Globalization, pp.146, Journal of World Systems Research,vol.2, Summer 1999, pp.143-163. the developing countries ought to be self-reliant, self-dependent for development. The core principle here is self-development. However delinking in this sense can be seen to be somewhat a complex notion, since globalization has increased interdependence in the world binding economic, social, political relations of the world together and so isolation from the world economic system would only give impetus to underdevelopment. The entire theory of dependency and underdevelopment is based on this principle of delinking. Andre Gunder Frank on speaking of the underdeveloped conditions of the third world countries also spoke of delinking from the world market to be important for a country to develop. He blamed external factors like historical colonialism for the underdeveloped status of the third world countries. The dependency theorists saw that globalization in a way strengthened colonialism, though different from the kind of colonialism that existed long time back, this colonialism was basically an economic criterion via which all other structures of the country would be taken over. However this assertion of colonialism leading to nothing but underdevelopment could be proved wrong if examples of Taiwan and South Korea are cited. Both countries followed independent development however they both still followed the strategy of world market. These two countries today stand on a different platform when compared to its other Asian counterparts. The reason not being a self-reliant development path, but bot h developed on the lines of its colonizer, Japan. The Japanese encouraged strategies like co-operative style organizations in rural areas and agricultural lands. Both Taiwan and South Korea heavily depended upon imports of capital goods. Both these countries were influenced by the Japanese occupation in the initial years after independence and after which United States played a dominant role in their development especially in that of South Korea. As such dependency in any way could not be avoided, maybe direct dependency could be however there still would be a kind of structural dependency that would be inevitable as seen with the case of Taiwan and South Korea. Another theorist of dependency is Samir Amin, who talks in terms of the core-periphery formula. The core as already mentioned refers to the group of autonomous developed states, however the periphery for Amin was not underdeveloped but for him it was an overdeveloped export sector which produced goods for feeding foreign industries rather than producing for themselves and stimulating regional development and growth. This leads to unequal exchanges which are also branded as a consequence of globalization which thereby leads to the domination of the poor countries by the rich countries. Dependence of the countries based on unequal exchanges has led to the richer countries getting richer and the poorer countries getting poorer. The raw materials of the developing countries are exploited in the name of development, with a kind of assurance that with the resources of the developing countries utilized in feeding the industries of the developed countries would in turn help the development o f the developing or the underdeveloped countries. Such dependency have led to a great disparity in terms of wealth and power and the obstacles which the developing countries faced has only led to a great reaction by the countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America against the dependency of their countries. The belief was that the underdevelopment of third world economies was caused by the predominance of the external influences transmitted to poor countries by the international capitalist system. Dependency theory emphasizes the international power relationships that underlie the functioning of the world economy. For them the internal inequalities and the misery was the impact of external factors. Therefore they turned their attention to internal barriers to change and development and trying to do away with the overreliance on external influences. Dependency theory is said to have through its approach made many leaders of the developing countries realize their strength and their weaknesses. Immanuel Wallerstein is one theorist of dependency who like Samir Amin explain the underdeveloped nature and the process of economic exchange that characterize the relation between and among the nations of the world according to the core-periphery formula. He belongs to the category of the new dependency theorists who not only looked at the interdependence and its impact in accordance to the economic perspective but also keep in mind the socio-political aspects. For Wallerstein, the world system was a world economy integrated through the market rather than a political center; in which two or more regions are interdependent with respect to necessities like food, fuel and protection; and two or more polities compete for domination without emergence of one single center forever (Gold frank)4 Wallerstein defined the world system as a multicultural territorial division of labor in which production and exchange of basic goods and raw materials is necessary for the everyday life of the inhabitants. The core-periphery according to him were geographically and culturally different, the former focusing on labor intensive and the other focusing on capital intensive production. It was a structural relationship, a structure of power hierarchy existed between them in which the powerful i.e. the core societies dominated and exploited the weaker or poorer countries. According to him, the semi-periphery states acted as a buffer zone between core and periphery, they were basically neutral states. India and Korea could be cited as an example of the semi-peripheral states. For Wallerstein, nation-states did not lose importance, for him the states were powerful elements within the system; in the core countries the states were used by class forces to pursue their interest. Two notions are basically involved in the world systems theory as propounded by Wallerstein, and these were the notion of imperialism and hegemony: the former referring to the domination of the weak peripheral regions by strong core states and the latter referring to Carlos A. Martinez-Vela, World Systems Theory, ESD.83, Fall 2001. the existence of one core state temporarily overpowering the rest. Therefore for Wallerstein, the global world system comprises of a global class struggle. Wallersteins world system is based on three important sources; the Annales school which focused on geo-ecological regions as units of analysis and paying attention to rural history and reliance on empirical materials. Second source of his theory was Marx; from Marx he understood the reality of social conflict, the dialectical sense of motion through conflict and contradiction. And the third source of the theory is dependency theory itself. As this theory helped in understanding the periphery by looking at the core-periphery relations and it is from this dependency theory that contemporary critiques to global capitalism has arisen. Global capitalism has also received criticism from the think global act local groups, they disrupt the capacity of TNCs and global financial institutions to accumulate private profits at the expense of their workforces, however economic globalization with their increased dispersal of the manufacturing process and their dependence on variety of forces have generated a different advantage for themselves. Globalizing capital has defeated labor and the global organizations like the TNCs and its allied globalizing government agencies and the World Bank have proved too powerful for the local organization of labor and communities. The powerful status of the TNCs mostly because it is run by the developed industrialized countries which possesses the capacity and the ability to generate capital generally seem to have control over the third world economy and society. Since the relation is guided by an international division of labor, the third world cannot escape the influence of the developed countries since even they depend on foreign capital for structuring their internal economy, interdependence causes a change in the international arena to impact upon the national arena and vice versa. So any delinking even if possible might just deprive the developing countries from the facilities that the foreign market could provide. From a certain aspect, the reform path of development as suggested by the underdevelopment and dependency theorists i.e. a change in focus from development towards outside to development towards the interior; referring to a focus on the internal dynamics of a country rather than focusing on the external forces could also prove to be complex. For delinking in such a way has not decreased dependency but has increased dependency since foreign currency was now used to purchase inputs for national industries which earlier were used for imported products for luxury consumption. Interdependence among national economies became dependence in case of underdeveloped countries and was subordinated to the power of those who control the world market and the most advanced techniques and means of production. Dependency theory can also be critiqued by using the idea of comparative advantage. Comparative advantage as we know refers to the utilization of the best available resources for producing good quality products at lower cost. As such when third world countries adopts the strategy of internal structures for utilizing its raw materials as a result of comparative advantage, still such third world countries after being subjected to decades of foreign power would hardly be able to work on its own since it would require a high degree of factor mobility, entrepreneurial vision and political stability which only the dominant colonial power would possess, therefore, there would still be a kind of dependency that would exist- this is termed as structural dependency; so complete isolation or delinking would not be possible.5 An inward looking strategy as proposed by the dependency theorists have been adopted by many developing countries but Burma has been cited as an extreme example by Hermann Sautter in the article Underdevelopment through isolationism? Dependency Theory in Retrospect. Burma restricted all forms of interaction with the outside world and kept it to the minimum. Burma turned everything into a state owned enterprise; private enterprises were limited, public ownership was increased. However in such a state of isolationism or protectionism what occurs is the export of primary goods declines. So rice being the main export of the country, in 1944/1945, its export declined, and export was restricted so Burmas agricultural sector experienced great loss. The agricultural sector was to supply their produce to the national government at lower prices rather than exporting it to other countries and generating much more capital. Therefore this shows that a policy of delinking or isolation pushes the s tatus of underdevelopment to a further extent. Dependency theories is seen to uphold the policy of protectionism, restricting the domestic market to the interior and refraining the outside market from participating in the internal dynamics of the developing countries. So definitely, a criticism of such a dependency theory has come from the proponents of free trade or free market policy. Peter Bauer and Martin Wolf were two such free trade theorists who were critical of the policy of isolation as proposed by the underdevelopment-dependency theorist (UDT). Bauer and Wolf suggested that the State owned enterprises and industries were more prone to corruption than privately owned enterprises since the former would not be obliged to the rules of economic and political sanctions that world economic systems offer in case of any mismanagement since in a globalized interdependent world a mismanagement in one country would definitely have effects on other interdependent country as well as such this interdependence could act as a check. Also the State led administration experienced high degree of mismanagement, corruption and wastage in the bureaucracy further limiting development like in Latin America Sautter, Hermann, Underdevelopment through Isolationism? Dependency Theory in Retrospect. Intereconomics, July/August pp.182. where the peoples movements led to the rise of military coups and this aligned with the US for benefits. Similarly in Burma, powerful military rulers grew into a state class who were very little inclined towards the interests and ne

Violence In Romeo And Juliet Essay -- essays research papers

Romeo and Juliet, by Shakespeare, is a play which shows how prejudice leads to escalating violence. Prejudice leads to violence shown in the play when the feuding families, the Montagues and Capulets, fight. In each case, disruption, fighting, injuries and death occur. Also, the prejudice between the two families never was resolved, because they were enemies. The feuding started in Act 1 Scene 1, when the Capulets and Montague servants confronted each other. The Capulets’ servants insult the Montagues and this leads to a street brawl of the two families. Furthermore, in Act 3 Scene 1, the hatred between the families gets worse. When Tybalt wanted revenge against the Montagues, he then confronted Romeo and Mercutio and started a duel. In addition, the feud between the families got even worse, when Tybalt killed Mercutio. Also, in Act 5 Scene 3, Tybalt challenges Romeo to fight and Romeo kills him. The street in Verona, a public place, is where the feuding starts between the two families. In Act 1 Scene 1, Sampson and Gregory, servants for the Capulets, insulted the Montagues’ servants, Balthasar and Abraham. This leads to a fight, which involves the Lords of both families and the Prince. No death occurred, but the families’ attitudes against each other were worse than before. This created hate between the families, which lead to violence. In like manner, another duel between the two feuding families starts up, again, in the street of Verona in Act 3 Scene 1. When Merc...

The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 Essay examples -- The Crucible Art

The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 The Salem witchcraft trials of 1692, which resulted in 19 executions, and 150 accusations of witchcraft, are one of the historical events almost everyone has heard of. They began when three young girls, Betty Parris, Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam began to have hysterical fits, after being discovered engaging in forbidden fortune-telling (not dancing naked in the woods) to learn what sorts of men they would marry. Betty's father, the Reverend Samuel Parris, called in more senior authorities to determine if the girls' affliction was caused by witchcraft. Although Betty was sent away fairly soon, and did not participate in the trials, the other girls were joined by other young and mature women in staging public demonstrations of their affliction when in the presence of accused "witches." The events in Salem have been used as a theme in many literary works, including the play by Arthur Miller which we are going to read during this unit. They are interesting to anthropologists because they display some of the characteristics of "village" witchcraft and some of the features of the European witch craze. Many commentators have seen the Salem witch craze as the last outbreak of the European witch craze, transported to North America. As in African and New Guinea villages, the original accusations in Salem were made against people who, in one way or another, the accusers had reason to fear or resent. Moreover, the first few of the accused fit the definition of "marginal" persons, likely to arouse suspicion. However, as in Europe, the accusations spread, and came to encompass people not involved in any of Salem's local grudges. As in Europe there was a belief that the accused were in league with the Devil and "experts" employed "scientific" ways of diagnosing witchcraft. Interestingly, during the colonial period in Africa, shortly after World War II, there were a number of witch finding movements in Africa, which resembled the Salem episode in some ways, and had a similar status "in between" the sort of witch hunt found in Europe and the typical African pattern. Typically, in these movements, "witch finders" would come in from outside a village and claim to be able to rid the village of witchcraft. At this period there was great dislocation, with people moving around because of government employment, a... ...er trusted them. This was likely to be a more acute problem in the U.S., since the people who were named by those who cooperated with the Committee weren't hanged and put out of the way, just fired and left to try to lead the resistance to McCarthyism. Namers of names sometimes found themselves with no friends at all, since anti-Communists often still failed to trust them. The issue of resisting collaboration with the witch hunters was important enough to Miller that he altered history, and portrayed the trials as stopping when more people refused to confess when, in fact, a significant increase in confessions probably served to cast some doubt on the validity of individual confessions. Taking liberties with the text is one of the characteristics of the interaction between humans and their myths. And a charter myth is certainly what the witch hunts in Europe and Salem have become, though they have more basis in fact than most myths. The stories of the witch hunts are charter myths for our time, to be told by feminists, left-wing intellectuals, and lawyers for President Clinton, each taking what he or she needs from the story, adding or subtracting as seems fit.

Free Handmaids Tale Essays: The Handmaids Dystopia :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Handmaid's Dystopia "The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood is a dystopia about a world where unrealistic things take place. The events in the novel could never actually take place in our reality." This is what most people think and assume, but they're wrong. Look at the world today and in the recent past, and there are not only many situations that have ALMOST become a Gilead, but places that have been and ARE Gileadean societies. We're not in Kansas any more, Dorothy! Even today there are places in the world where there is startling similarity to this fictitious dystopia. In Pakistan, women's rights are non-existant, and many policies are that of Gilead in The Handmaid's Tale. In Gilead, the handmaids must cover their bodies and faces almost completely with vales and wings. In Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Bahrain, and similar South Asian countries, this is a must for women. Other Gileadean-like persecutions take place towards women. In Pakistan, women can be raped, and unless there is full proof that there was no consent, the man will get off scot free, and the women charged with pre-marital sex and sentenced to a prison term. In Afghanistan, the police force has and continue to torture and rape innocent women for unnecessary reasons. This is similar to The Handmaid's Tale in that Offred, and other handmaids, not only go through the devestation of "The Ceremony", but also can be used and possibly even raped by their Commanders, and there is nothing the handmaid can do about it. If she speaks, she is usually not believed, and then she is sent away because she broke the law. The handmaid would usually die for making such accuasations. Women are given little to no rights in Gilead. They obey what they are told by the men or by the Aunts (who get their orders from the men). They are not permitted to read or write, or participate in any extra-curricular activity. They are alive only to serve a purpose. In countries such Iran, women are subject to similar laws. Although more recently they may be allowedread and write, it is on a strict level only, and activites are out of the question. There is no specific law against it, however with the Islamic government making it manditory for all women to wear complete body coverings, sports and other activities are nearly impossible.

Used Cooking Oil as Candle

Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component of Candle Abstract The study aims to produce a low-priced, high-quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component. The following candle compositions were used: 100 percent paraffin wax; 90 percent paraffin and 10 percent oil; 80 percent paraffin and 20 percent oil; 70 percent paraffin and 30 percent oil; 60 percent paraffin and 40 percent oil; 50 percent paraffin and 50 percent oil. The firmness, texture, and light intensity of the candles were tested and compared. Results of the tests showed that the candle made from 100 percent paraffin wax had the lowest melting rate, lowest amount of melted candle, and a light intensity of 100 candelas (cd). The 90:10 preparation had the next lowest melting rate and amount of melted candle. The other preparations ranked according to the proportion of used cooking oil in the candle, with the 50:50 preparation performing least comparably with the 100 percent paraffin wax candle. Introduction Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other uses such as home decor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions (weddings, baptismals, etc. ), and as scented varieties for aromatherapy. Candles are made from different types of waxes and oils. Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used substantially in fast-food outlets, where it is used in different stages of food preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes and clogs canals and sewerage systems

Recruitment Of A Star Essay

In the case study of â€Å"Recruitment of a star† there are four candidates for the job offered by Stephen Conner. They are Gerald Baum, David Hughes, Sonia Meetha and Seth Horkum. Among all, my choice is Seth Horkum. There were several positive aspect which made him my first option such as his time management (being at interview before the schedule), his prior experience with PowerChip company (Upcoming client for RSH), his long term commitment (15 years of service @ Jefferson Brothers) which allows dependency and loyalty. With all the above aspects and the intelligence he exhibited in the interview makes him the best fit for the job. What problems does Stephen Conner face? When Stephen let Peter go, the biggest problem was to find the right replacement at the earliest. So the time was the key factor because it was the time when they were in need of a senior analyst to get started with the new client (PowerChip Company). Apart from that, he was facing a lot of concerns from the senior executives of the organization about his decision of letting Peter go. In fact they were more upset with his decision of making Rina who was an assistant to peter and joined the organization just 3 years ago as a substitute for Peter. What should Peter’s replacement look like, and which of the candidates best fits this description? (Page 4) Peter was extremely intelligent and his analytical skills were superior. So if one has to replace Peter must be of the same cadre and fit into the same shoe. He was always and achiever and go getter. His priorities were time management, resource management and competency at work. So to find the best replacement, there must be ano ther Peter with the similar skill set and attitude. So at this juncture, Seth and Sonia are the best fit because Seth is punctual, ambitious and if opportunity given, he can rank up to the higher position with his intellectual, technical and analytical skills. On the other hand, Sonia is also a very hard working. Even though she is working in a boutique, her performance since past three years has grown over and her clients also believes that she is a true up-and-comer and could become one of the best analyst on the wall street if given a better platform Put yourself in the place of each of the five candidates (include Rina),  what should each person highlight during the interview process? How could each person differentiate him or herself from the other candidates? Gerald Baum: The highlights of Gerald’s personality are that he is not only the star analyst in semiconductor industry but in past he was a lead analyst in electronics and electrical connectors industry as well. At Gotz and Loeb which is a specialized firm with an emphasis in technology industry has given an enormous opportunity to Gerald to grow as an analyst and also gain industry knowledge. David Hughes: The well seasoned aged David Hughes is also one of the candidate for the peter’s position. While working for big firms like Spenser’s and company, David got opportunity to tune into the global market and gain the best industry experience. Also learned writing business plans, progress reports and even year end reviews. Sonia Meetha: She is the candidate with both sales and technical skills. She is an excellent writer. Being a techno-managerial graduate and having dual experience of working both in engineering and sales team has gave her an edge over the other interviewees. Seth Horkum: He is a very promising analyst with a prior experience working with RSH future client PowerChip company and also have close contacts in that company. He has not just accessible and responsive for the clients but also gave long hours for the organization to fulfill the task which other analyst couldn’t do. Rina Shea: The most convincing point for her is the association she is having with the company and also her recent experience of assisting Peter. She is an excellent writer and had learned a lot of other skills from Peter which got her into the list of candidates to be considered for the senior analyst position. Analyze the selection processes being used. What are the strengths and weaknesses, and how could any weaknesses be mitigated? The process adopted by Stephen to select the replacement for Peter was pre-screening followed by a Face to Face Interview session with the Candidates. Strength: Past employment history Punctuality of the interviewees Soft Skills / Communication skills Technical Skills Personality Traits Weakness: I Do not see any weakness in the interview process adopted by Stephen (pre-screening and Face to Face). In fact it gave him an edge over just reading their profiles and listening to the word of mouth during pre-screening. How would the organizational entry and socialization process differ between Rina and one of the other candidates if chosen? SWOT for Rina Shea: Strength : Being junior to Peter, she had a good understanding of all the work that Peter undertook. With an association of over three years at the firm, she is well versed with the company culture and values. She has exceptional writing skills. Weakness: Rina is lesser experienced compare to other senior candidates She must be assertive while presenting her reports Rina must learn/ Enhance Decision making skills. She depends on other senior analysts for advices and suggestions most of the time Opportunities : Being familiar with the company, Rina would not need an induction and familiarization sessions. Threats: The vast experience that other candidates bringing to the table. If chosen, The other candidates shall grow up the ladder faster and better than Rina At times, she may be emotionally disturbed because of temporary promotion and again going back to the same assistant job which may result in losing confidence, loyalty and responsiveness.